At its core, a joystick controller operates by translating the user's movements into signals that control the wheelchair's direction and speed. Historically, these controllers were relatively simplistic, often resembling the joystick found in gaming consoles. However, as technology progressed, so did the sophistication of these controllers. Modern joystick controllers often incorporate features like proportional control, allowing for more nuanced responses based on the degree of joystick movement. This means that the further the joystick is pushed, the faster the wheelchair moves, giving users greater control over their speed and direction.